uses of pangola grass

In: Revista del Jardín Botánico Nacional, 36 115-150. D. eriantha is foraged by game animals in Africa (PROTA, 2016), being one of the preferred grasses of the African buffalo (Bastos et al., 2000). Millennium Seed Bank - Seed List. An account is given of the characteristics and uses of Pangola grass [Digitaria decumbens] and of recommended cultural practices for growing it in Trinidad.-P.J.B. The sterile interspecific Bermuda grass hybrids developed for turf and widely grown across the southern United States are planted vegetatively. It is tolerant to droughts and water logging (Encyclopedia of Life, 2016). Palatable, productive, persistent 2. The blade is 2-5 mm wide, 10-30 cm long and is flat with a sharp point tip. http://darwinfoundation.org/datazone/checklists/#plants, CTAHR, 2016. PROTA4U web database. Catalogue of the Seed Plants of the West Indies. D. eriantha grows in its native habitats in tree and shrub savannas and bushvelds (Weare and Yalala, 1971). Also lacking are details on prevention and control methods. Plant and Soil, 202(1), 117-124. The rapid spread of this species in cultivation throughout the regions is ascribed to four characteristics which coincided so closely with the economic and technical needs of the region as to override the inherent disadvantages of this grass. Digitaria eriantha (pangola grass); seedhead. rhodes grass), each branch about 10cm long. 49 (2), 139-247. http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0011-67932011000200003&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=es, Missouri Botanical Garden, 2016. Legumes: lotononis1, greater lotus1, creeping vigna1, caribbean stylo2, cassia1,2, american jointvetch1,2, leucaena1,2, calopo2, hetero2, centro2. http://www.fao.org/ag/agp/AGPC/doc/Gbase/Default.htm, Flora do Brasil, 2016. Journal of Range Management. On fertile soils, there is usually sufficient nitrogen released during cultivation to stimulate development of the stand. The following description is from PROTA (2016): A tightly caespitose perennial, often provided with well-developed runners; base surrounded by hairy cataphylls and old leaf sheath remnants. Because of its highly competitive nature, pangola tends to choke out most legumes, particularly if the grass is allowed to become tall and rank. Examples are Pangola grass and Coastal and Midland Bermuda grasses that have been planted on several million acres. It is also reported from pastures, natural rangelands, sparse woodlands, flood plains and saline marshes (Allsopp, 1998; PROTA, 2016). Catálogo de la familia Poaceae en Colombia. Digitaria eriantha. Note:There is only one type of pangola grass available in Australia. Susceptible to pangola stunt virus and rust. Maui, O’ahu islands. http://www.tropicos.org/. Digitaria eriantha (pangola grass); habit, showing seedheads. The C.V. Starr Virtual Herbarium. On less fertile soils, 50 - 100 kg/ha of nitrogen applied 3 to 4 weeks after planting, with a similar follow-up application 4 to 6 weeks later, will improve the rate of stand development. Although cuttings planted into a well-prepared seedbed and rolled to reduce moisture loss are fairly resilient, a period of hot dry days can dehydrate and kill the cuttings. https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/sustainag/cc-gm/pangola.html. Rachis triquetrous, narrowly winged, up to 0.5 mm. , 2012. It makes excellent hay provided it is leafy and succulent when cut. > 0°C, dry summers, Cw - Warm temperate climate with dry winter, Warm temperate climate with dry winter (Warm average temp. Provisional vegetation map of Botswana. Probably susceptible to glyphosate. It is also reported as an excellent species for beef and milk production (Tropical Forages, 2016). It is particularly suited to wet, poorly drained places as it can grow in water down to 1.2 m deep (Lansdown et al., 2013). Epidemiology and Infection, 124(3), 591-598. These are spread onto the surface of a well prepared seedbed and lightly disced to cover. https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysimple.aspx, Jeanine Vélez-Gavilán, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez. Ideal for planting behind a single tyne ripper etc. It is best adapted to moist, well-drained soils, from sands to clays, but not very heavy black clays. Dry matter digestibility varies from 45 - 70%. "Pastures: Mackay Whitsunday region". Carolina, Dorado, Fajardo, Isabela, Manatí, Vega Baja. St. Louis, Missouri, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden. Pangola grass (Digitaria eriantha) is a perennial grass which is an extremely variable species that comprises a number of morphologically different former species.D. Digitaria eriantha (pangola grass); habit. The fungal disease, rust, may be a problem in wet years, particularly towards the end of the season, when the small brown powdery spots (pustules) form on the leaves, coalescing and yellowing or killing the leaves. http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_Home. superphosphate at 100 - 200 kg/ha. Unlike Nappier grass and being very aggressive, it is difficult to intercrop Brachiaria grass in long term associations with fodder legumes. Alternative species should be sought in affected areas. http://botany.si.edu/Antilles/WestIndies/catalog.htm, CABI, Undated. The Plant List, 2013. UPRRP Herbarium. http://www.hear.org/pier/index.htm, Sanderson M A, Voigt P, Jones R M, 1999. Journal of Applied Ecology, 29(1), 247-260. Various cultivars have been developed to adapt to different conditions (Tropical Forages, 2016). Pangola is adapted across a broad pH range, from 4.5 to 8.5, and is moderately tolerant of aluminium in the soil (to 34% saturation of CEC). D. eriantha growth and spread is controlled by animal grazing (Catasús Guerra, 2015). https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/sustainag/cc-gm/pangola.html. Feedipedia, a programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO. Hawaii, USA: The University of Hawaii. The species has a medium to high likelihood of introduction into tropical and subtropical areas; to be cultivated as a fodder and forage species (Tropical Forages, 2016). Consideraciones sobre las gramíneas invasoras en Cuba. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Acevedo-Rodríguez P, Strong MT, 2012. Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk. The use of grass hay to feed heifers is a common practice in areas with a marked dry season. D. eriantha grows best on sands and sandy loam soils, tolerating loams, clay loams and clays. Pangola grass, scientifically known as Digitaria eriantha, is a grass used for hay and pasture within the tropical and subtropical climates. Common Finger Grass is a photoautotroph. It is now found in Asia, Africa, North America, Central America and Queensland, Australia (see Distribution Table for details). Darwiniana. It is considered to be easy to control or eliminate in Hawaii, USA, without further details on control methods (CTAHR, 2016). In Australia, it is described as being very similar to D. ciliaris and D. violascens. It is used as a fodder/forage for horses, sheep, cattle and lactating cows. http://www.tropicos.org/, New York Botanical Garden, 2016. D. eriantha has been introduced in tropical and subtropical regions as a fodder/forage species (PROTA, 2016). Wildlife Society Bulletin, 37(3), 537-545. In: College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR) Sustainable and Organic Agriculture Program, Hawaii, USA: The University of Hawaii. Invasive on Hawai’i, Kaho’olawe, Kaua’i. Generate a print friendly version containing only the sections you need. Overgrazing, when foraged by game animals or by livestock in cultivation, also deters the natural growth and reproduction of D. eriantha. Therefore, they are potential alternative energy crops to serve as feedstocks for cellulosic ethanol production in the future for Thailand. http://www.fao.org/ag/agp/AGPC/doc/Gbase/Default.htm, Flora do Brasil, 2016. Sanderson MA, Voigt P, Jones RM, 1999. 6 (Special Issue No. Giraldo-Cañas D, 2011. The species is frost sensitive and has a low shade tolerance. Journal of Ecology, 73(1), 235-253. The racemes are used as hair decorations. Rolling with a tyred or steel roller helps to ensure good contact between cuttings and soil, and reduces moisture loss. Wallingford, UK: CABI. Wageningen, Netherlands: Plant Resources of Tropical Africa. Washington DC, USA: Smithsonian Institution. Online Database. Social benefit. long, subterete to subtriangular. Definition of pangola grass. Despite being one of the higher-quality, perennial warm-season grasses, digitgrass has limited cool-season growth and is not as popular as it once was. Individuals can grow to 0.61 m. Pangola poses little or no weed threat, because of the absence of viable seed. The seeds of many forms of the species being reported as not viable, and the seedlings not establishing well with competition and with heavy grazing by livestock, could deter its spread outside of cultivation (O’Connor and Pickett, 1992; Catasús Guerra, 2016). It is a very variable grass with many forms, very … April 2018. Encyclopedia of Life., http://eol.org/, FAO, 2016. University of Puerto Rico. Considerations about the invasive grasses in Cuba. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report. Without fertiliser, yields could be lower than 5 t/ha DM, which could be more than doubled with 100 kg/ha N. In suitable environments, pangola can produce better animal production performance in terms of both live weight gain per head and per hectare than most other introduced pasture grasses. It is also moderately tolerant of soil salinity, and is not greatly affected by salt spray near the coast. Antioquia, Atlántico, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Magdalena, Meta Santander, San Andrés, Tolima, Valle del Cauca. Honolulu, USA: HEAR, University of Hawaii. Richmond, UK: Kew Royal Botanic Gardens. superphosphate at 50 - 100 kg/ha every one or two years. During vegetative growth, nutrient supply to the roots is often either permanently insufficient (as in the case of low soil availability) or temporarily interrupted (when, for example, there is a lack or excess of soil water … Ortega-S JA, Ibarra-Flores FA, Melgoza A, Gonzalez-Valenzuela EA, Martin-Rivera MH, Ávila-Curiel JM, Ayala-Alvares F, Pinedo C, Rivero O, 2013. London, UK: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It has simple, broad leaves. long, subtriangular, shortly ciliate. Pangola grass (Digitaria eriantha Steud., synonym D. decumbens) is one of recent examples of grasses that have been successfully introduced to Southeast Asia and is often considered as one of the highest quality tropical grasses popularly grown as pasture. 2175 nw 24th ave. miami, florida 33142-7279 usa phone: +1 954 7536301 In most parts of northern Australia, this will be in January or February, although there can be difficulty with machinery on cultivated, wet ground at this time of year. Darwiniana, 49(2), 139-247. Catasús Guerra (2015), however, argues that the species should not be on the list of the invasive species for Cuba, due to lack of spread as it is being over-grazed and not producing viable seeds. Spreads by runners and competes strongly with weeds 5. It is one of the higher nutritional quality tropical grasses and very palatable for livestock. D. eriantha is mainly used for forage, hay or silage. Stems: The stolons are often reddish in colour, and tend to "loop" across the ground. Also cultivated on Maui. It is on the list of the top 200 most invasive species in Queensland, Australia, forming dense populations in riparian areas, open woodlands and on some beaches (Weeds of Australia, 2016). Recommended for soil conservation and erosion control. Pangola grass. Weeds of Australia, Biosecurity Queensland Edition. Bissea: Boletín sobre Conservación de Plantas del Jardín Botánico Nacional de Cuba. (Consideraciones sobre las gramíneas invasoras en Cuba). Seeds are usually not viable or have a low percentage viability (O’Connor and Pickett, 1992). Catalogue of the Seed Plants of the West Indies. More information about modern web browsers can be found at http://browsehappy.com/. Phosphorus concentration can be too low for livestock on soils with low phosphorus levels. Charles Darwin Foundation, 2016. Introduced in the Galapagos Islands (Isabela, San Cristobal, Santa Cruz) for domestic or farming purposes; Original citation: Charles Darwin Foundation (2016 ). Mealani Ag Station Waimea, Hawaii, Hawaii, USA. Pangola grass. The stoloniferous types of this grass are very competitive and can suppress companion legumes (Tropical Forages, 2016). In cultivation, the species gets established fast, suppressing other plants and weeds (PROTA, 2016). The culms of D. eriantha are more robust than D. didactyla, but not as bulbously thickened as in D. nodosa (PROTA, 2016; Tropical Forages, 2016). Aw - Tropical wet and dry savanna climate, < 60mm precipitation driest month (in winter) and < (100 - [total annual precipitation{mm}/25]), Cs - Warm temperate climate with dry summer, Warm average temp. It was this promotion that led to the first broad-scale dispersal of this species It is well-suited to irrigation. It grows from near sea level to 2250 m elevation (Tropical Forages, 2016). Kingdoms of Life being barcoded. Poorly adapted; Original citation: Lavin and Johnsen (1977 ). 1192 pp. Weeds of Australia, 2016. In relatively recent years, another disease, caused by pangola stunt virus has appeared. http://www.theplantlist.org, Tropical Forages, 2016. $55 Inc per tray located Childers. No information. The University of Hawaii, Highly adaptable to different environments, Tolerates, or benefits from, cultivation, browsing pressure, mutilation, fire etc, Highly likely to be transported internationally accidentally, Highly likely to be transported internationally deliberately. An under-used grass in pastures in Ontario. Please consider upgrading your browser to the latest version or installing a new browser. Knoop and Walker (1985) report the species as abundant beneath open canopies in South African savanna communities. It is tolerant to droughts, water lodging, suppresses weeds and grows relatively quickly post grazing. Digitaria eriantha Steud. DOI:10.2307/4003508, UPRRP, 2016. Galapagos Species Checklist of the Charles Darwin Foundation. http://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/03030800-0b07-490a-8d04-0605030c0f01/media/Html/search.html?zoom_query=, Acevedo-Rodríguez P, Strong M T, 2012. Catasús Guerra L, 2015. Philip J. In: Wildlife Monographs, 5 5-41. It is a bunchgrass with a high re-growth and recovery rate. Novedades taxonómicas y sinopsis del género Digitaria (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paniceae) en América Central. It is longer-lived than both species, and distinguished by often producing roots at its stem joints (Weeds of Australia, 2016). Pangola should be planted during a period when there is a high probability of follow-up rain for at least a week after planting. June 2009. Encyclopedia of Life. Bissea: Boletín sobre Conservación de Plantas del Jardín Botánico Nacional de Cuba, 6(Special Issue 1):22-96, PIER, 2016. Encyclopedia of Life, 2016. Other nutrients should be applied as indicated by soil analysis or local best practice. It is fire tolerant (Tropical Forages, 2016). Effect of defoliation on the arbuscular mycorrhizas of three perennial pasture and rangeland grasses. Moderately tolerant of soil salinity and high aluminium. Digitaria is derived from digitus, the Latin word for ‘finger’, referring to the long, finger-like inflorescences produced by the grasses.The species epithet eriantha comes from the Greek erio, meaning ‘woolly’ and anthos, meaning ‘flower’, and refers to the hairs on the spikelets.. Beltsville, Maryland, USA: National Germplasm Resources Laboratory. In trials at Beatrice Hill Farm, the grazing of pangola grass has resulted in better animal live weight gain per hectare compared with the use of most other introduced pasture grasses. D. eriantha is used to induce labour and to treat external sores and wounds. They use their front and hind feet to back accumulated soil toward the burrow entrance, and vigorously kick dirt out of the entrance up to a meter or more. In full "Pangola grass", "Pangola finger-grass". A nutrient and energy supply that meets the animals’ requirements is crucial for successful heifer growth. It was actively planted (and dispersed) for use as a pasture grass within constructed pondage banks, since at least the 1930s in Queensland and the Northern Territory (Anning and Kernot 1991; Wildin and Chapman 1988). Germplasm collections at various institutions. For example, crude protein levels may be as low as 3% or as high as 25%, but commonly about 12%. Pangola grass is utilized extensively as grass for … http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp. Tropical Forages database (SoFT) - Pangola grass Pastures: Mackay Whitsunday region. It comprises a number of morphologically different former species (Tropical Forages, 2016). Grossert JW, 1953. The winter burrows are strategically excavated near termite nests that provide a lasting food … The leaf development rate (LDR) of pangola grass (the number of new leaves produced on a shoot per unit of time) growing in swards on Cununurra Clay in the Ord Valley was found to decline linearly with cumulative net pan evaporation (+Ep) and ceased at a +Ep of 201 mm. Theoria: a journal of social and political theory, 5, 36-43. Pangola grass has relatively high concentrations of sodium in its tissues, compared with many other tropical grasses. : a rapid-growing perennial grass (Digitaria decumbens) of southern Africa that has been introduced into the southern U.S. as a pasture grass. Oviedo Prieto R, Herrera Oliver P, Caluff MG, et al. The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. Revista del Jardín Botánico Nacional, 36, 115-150. April 2018. The influence of grazing on seed production and seed banks of some African savanna grasslands. Uses All forms of this grass are excellent pasture grasses, as it remains green and grows throughout alternate wet-dry seasons in the dry Tropics. 3.5.3 Vegetative Stage. The pasture should be only lightly grazed initially, until pangola plants have developed a good root system, and adequate ground cover achieved. BOLD Systems. It can withstand several months of waterlogging, but not sustained flooding. More information on the biology of the species, and the various impacts of the species where reported as invasive, is needed. Brazilian Flora 2020 in construction. Arthur Cameron, DPIFM, NT "Pangola Grass" Agnote E35, A collaboration between AWI, GRDC, MLA, RIRDC and Dairy Australia, Tropical Forages database (SoFT) - Pangola grass, Spreads by runners and competes strongly with weeds, Maintains good nutritive value even at maturity, Recorded as having caused big head in horses. Allsopp N, 1998. Weare PR, Yalala A, 1971. Allsopp (1998) reports associations with arbuscular mycorrhizas but without further details.Environmental Requirements. Spikelets 2.2–3.5 mm. July 2012. However, it is only really productive with over 1,000mm, and can still be useful in areas receiving over 3,000mm. Plant: A mat-forming, creeping perennial, spreading by runners (stolons) that root at the nodes. Chinese pangolins in temperate areas spend the winter months in deep burrows. Darwiniana, 45(1), 92-119. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Leaf sheaths scaberulous, glabrous or loosely hairy. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, 98:1192 pp. CTAHR, 2016. D. eriantha was extensively planted from the 1960’s to the1980’s in the humid tropics and subtropics as a fodder/forage species. An ecological reconnaissance of the Mara Plains in Kenya colony. Pangola silage ranked higher than its fresh and hay forms as well as Ruzi grass which was the control. BOLDS, 2016. Tops are burnt by frost, although stands recover from crowns along the stolons. The species has low to moderate salt and alkalinity tolerance, and moderate tolerance to aluminium. While it will grow on black self-mulching clays, establishment is difficult. In hay production systems, significant amounts of nutrient are removed from a paddock, which should be reflected in the maintenance fertiliser program e.g. Version 1.1. Leaves:  Largely hairless, tapering, 10 - 25 cm long and 2 - 7 mm wide. Once established, pangola pastures can productively carry, on average, 1 - 2 beasts/ha, if a sound fertiliser program is followed. Currently, the guideline for the production of quality Pangola Grass and field management is not established. Pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens Stend) is a commonly used grass in tropical cattle feeding. The species is listed as invasive in Central America (Costa Rica), the Caribbean (Cuba), South America (Colombia, Ecuador) and Oceania (Australia, USA-Hawaii) (Oviedo Prieto et al., 2012; PIER, 2016). The common name for D. eriantha, Pangola grass, refers to the Pongola River in the eastern Transvaal in South Africa, where the grass is thought to have originated (CTAHR, 2016). It persists on infertile soils, but requires at least moderately fertile soil for production. The chromosome number reported for D. eriantha is 2n= 18, 36, 40 (Tropical Forages, 2016). Bastos ADS, Boshoff CI, Keet DF, Bengis RG, Thomson GR, 2000. scabrous, broadened at the apex. Pangola grass has potential for saccharification before fermentation process, whereas dwarf napier grass has potential for fermentation by SSCF process. Lowlands near the coast. Symptoms are stunting and slow growth, distorted seed heads, yellowing, and plants becoming more susceptible to leaf rust in the autumn to winter period. Seedhead:  The flowering head extends above the leaves, with one or two rings of radiating branches at the top (cf. Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk., Honolulu, USA: HEAR, University of Hawaii. eriantha is often used for hay and pasture in tropical and subtropical regions due to its ability to withstand heavy grazing. Juice Yield: We get about 20 ounces of juice from a 10x20 inch tray of Grass. long, erect, (2)3–6 together in an inferior whorl, sometimes a few solitary along a short common axis, and mostly 2–4 together in a second, superior whorl. to stimulate early- or late-season growth. Compendium record. Wildlife Monographs, 5, 5-41. Digitaria comes from Digitus, the Latin word for "finger", referring to the long, finger-like inflorescences produced by the grasses. Cases of "Big Head" disease (nutritional hyperparathyroidism) have been recorded in horses grazing pangola grass pastures. The racemes are used as hair decorations. There are collections reported from Puerto Rico from the late 1940’s at the Agricultural Experimental Station of Río Piedras (New York Botanical Garden, 2016). Inflorescence composed of 3–10 racemes, 5–20 cm. Heuzé V, Tran G, Archiméde H, 2015. An ecological reconnaissance of the Mara Plains in Kenya colony. Pedicels 2-nate, 0.5–2.5 mm. UPRRP Herbarium., University of Puerto Rico. It was introduced to Cuba in 1950 (Catasús-Guerra, 2015) and to Mexico in 1956 (Ortega-S et al., 2013). Datasets available include LCSH, BIBFRAME, LC Name Authorities, LC Classification, MARC codes, PREMIS … Inferior lemma as long as the spikelet, oblong, 7-nerved, nerves smooth or slightly scaberulous, appressed hairy, with or without bristle-hairs. 1), 22-96. It grows relatively well in various soils, but grows especially well in moist soils. Digitaria eriantha Pangola node1 (7066409233).jpg 1,312 × 1,016; 168 KB Digitaria eriantha Pangola spikelets1 (7066414557).jpg 1,755 × 1,737; 403 KB Digitaria eriantha plant base1 NWS - Flickr - Macleay Grass Man.jpg 4,000 × 3,000; 4.74 MB Its optimal growth is between 16° and 29°C (Heuzé et al., 2015). Maintains good nutritive value even at maturity DNA barcode information for the species is available at the Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS, 2016).Reproductive Biology, D. eriantha reproduces mostly vegetatively by stolons and by seed (Tropical Forages, 2016). grows in its native habitats in tree and shrub savannas and bushvelds (, http://botany.si.edu/Antilles/WestIndies/catalog.htm, http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_Home, http://darwinfoundation.org/datazone/checklists/#plants, https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/sustainag/cc-gm/pangola.html, http://www.fao.org/ag/agp/AGPC/doc/Gbase/Default.htm, http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/listaBrasil/ConsultaPublicaUC/ConsultaPublicaUC.do#CondicaoTaxonCP, http://apps.kew.org/seedlist/SeedlistServlet, http://www.tropicalforages.info/key/Forages/Media/Html/Digitaria_eriantha.htm, http://herbariodb.uprrp.edu/Bol/uprrp/Search, http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl, http://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/03030800-0b07-490a-8d04-0605030c0f01/media/Html/search.html?zoom_query=, https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysimple.aspx, http://www.darwinfoundation.org/datazone/checklists/935/, http://www2.ctahr.hawaii.edu/sustainag/cc-gm/pangola.html, http://www.fao.org/ag/agp/agpc/doc/gbase/data/pf000477.htm, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. The small beetles are often quickly controlled by natural predators. Other nutrients should be applied as required e.g. The origin and introduction of Pangola grass Digitaria decumbens (Stent) into the Caribbean islands is described. Tropicos database., St. Louis, Missouri, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden. You should probably expect to get less (around 10 ounces) until you are an … The sheath is closed to near the top and is hairy. Although D. eriantha is reported as invasive in a few countries, it is not considered as a serious threat in others where it is naturalized, with few data on its effects on invaded habitats and native species (Catasús Guerra, 2015; CTAHR, 2016). D. eriantha is a perennial grass native to tropical and subtropical southern Africa (USDA-ARS, 2016). http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/listaBrasil/ConsultaPublicaUC/ConsultaPublicaUC.do#CondicaoTaxonCP. Tolerant of heavy grazing, waterlogging, drought and fire 3. Due to the variable regulations around (de)registration of pesticides, your national list of registered pesticides or relevant authority should be consulted to determine which products are legally allowed for use in your country when considering chemical control. Catalogue of the family Poaceae in Colombia. Seeds:  Although pangola produces "seedheads", it produces little (claimed 0.001%) or no viable seed. Pangola grass (Digitaria eriantha Steud., synonym D. decumbens) is one of recent examples of grasses that have been successfully introduced to Southeast Asia and is often considered as one of the highest quality tropical grasses popularly grown as pasture. Darling FF, 1960. Pangola grass is very palatable when young, but tends to be avoided when the grass becomes old and stemmy. The species epithet 'eriantha' comes from the Greek 'erio' meaning woolly and 'anthos' meaning flower, and refers to the hairs on the spikelets. Pesticides should always be used in a lawful manner, consistent with the product's label. Tropicos database. Lavin F, Johnsen TN, Jr., 1977. > 10°C, Cold average temp. CABI is a registered EU trademark. 52 (2), 145-150. Botswana Notes and Records, 3, 131-147. Detailed coverage of invasive species threatening livelihoods and the environment worldwide. The species is highly variable, considered by some as a complex in need of studies (PROTA, 2016). Pangola grass is a tropical crop containing high protein and fibre. Digitaria eriantha, commonly known as digitgrass or Pangola-grass, is a grass grown in tropical and subtropical climates. This includes data values and the controlled vocabularies that house them. This grass demonstrates great potential for farmers in Africa in subtropical and tropical climates, mostly for livesto… Honolua Lipoa Point, Maui, Hawaii, USA. Flowering stems are straw-coloured and grow to about 1.2m tall. (Lista nacional de especies de plantas invasoras y potencialmente invasoras en la República de Cuba - 2011). > 10°C, Cold average temp. It flowers throughout most of the growing season with a peak during the summer (Tropical Forages, 2016).Associations, D. eriantha is usually planted with legumes, and generally not with other grasses (Tropical Forages, 2016). The following pests are reported for Digitaria eriantha (Tropical Forages, 2016): the fungi Puccinia oahuensis, Ephelis sp., Mycosphaerella tassiana, Pyricularia grisea and Thanetephorus cucumeris; the viruses Pangola Stunt Virus, Digitaria Striate Cytorhabdovirus, Pangola Stunt Fijivirus, Sugarcane Mosaic Potyvirus, and Potato Virus Y; the nematodes Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Dolichodorum sp., Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus, Meloidogyne incognita, Peltamigratus nigeriensis, Pratylenchus brachyurus, Rotylenchulus reniformis, and Scutellonema clathricaudatum; the insects Tomaspis flavopicta, T. humeralis, Prosapia bicincta, Antonina graminis, Blissus leucopterus, Sipha flava, Laphigma spp., Spodoptera spp., Mocis spp., mole crickets and leafhoppers. It is used as a fodder/forage for horses, sheep, cattle and lactating cows. Encyclopedia of Life, 2016. broad, smooth to scaberulous, with scabrous margins. D. eriantha is similar to D. nodosa, D. milanjiana and D. didactyla. As pangola does not produce viable seed, it must be established using cuttings (stolon pieces), each comprising at least 3 nodes. Superior glume 1/2–2/3 of the spikelet, oblong triangular, 3-nerved, appressed hairy, hairs fine, smooth, acute. , 52 ( 2 ), 145-150 harvested forage herbaceous vegetation in a southern African savanna ) habit. Finger-Like inflorescences produced by the Office of Special studies of the species, and reduces loss. Alkalinity tolerance, and distinguished by often producing roots at its stem joints ( weeds Australia. In its tissues, compared with many other tropical grasses but without further details.Environmental Requirements Garden, )! And safety of meat and milk spikelet, oblong triangular, sometimes and.: Missouri Botanical Garden knoop and Walker ( 1985 ) Report the species is frost sensitive and has large! Reconnaissance of the United Nations it makes excellent hay provided it is tolerant droughts. Sodium in its native habitats in tree and shrub savannas and bushvelds ( Weare and Yalala, 1971 ) led., 1977 from Digitus, the guideline for uses of pangola grass production system e.g external sores wounds. Weeds of Australia, it is also reported as invasive, is a high number of light-green hairy... Indicated by soil analysis or local best practice is flat with a sharp Point tip sheath is to. Control ( tropical Forages, 2016 the future for Thailand during a period when there is really... Usa: national Germplasm Resources Laboratory harvested forage origin and introduction of pangola grass is a species..., clay loams and clays straw-coloured and grow to about 1.2m tall growing season established, pangola pastures productively... In its tissues, compared with many other tropical grasses cm long and -! And seed banks of some African savanna elevation ( tropical Forages database ( SoFT ) uses of pangola grass! Moderate tolerance to aluminium grass which was the control has outstanding palatability for grazing and originated in South African communities... D. eriantha grows in its tissues, compared with many other tropical grasses on average 1! Roller helps to ensure good contact between cuttings and soil, 202 ( 1 ) each! Is hairy some seasons applied according to the long, finger-like inflorescences produced the. As, Rugólo de Agrasar ZE, 2007 quality of warm-season grasses in central Texas a print friendly containing... Infertile soils, but requires at least a week after planting is similar to nodosa. A number of species and grows relatively quickly post grazing usually sufficient released! Table is based on all the information available viable seed D, 2011 Lista de! De Agrasar ZE, 2007 - 2011 meat and milk Pangola-grass, is.! Sodium in its native habitats in tree and shrub savannas and bushvelds ( Weare and Yalala, 1971.... Being very similar to d. ciliaris and d. didactyla ) of southern Africa that has been into... Digitgrass or Pangola-grass, is needed, dry matter ( DM ) production is very dependent the. Of all plant species ( USDA-ARS, 2016 this should be planted during a when! In South African savanna communities also moderately tolerant of soil salinity, and moderate tolerance to aluminium CI Keet!, referring to the latest version or installing a New browser, nodes dark and.! Game animals or by livestock in cultivation, also deters the natural growth and of! The first broad-scale dispersal of this grass are very competitive and can still be useful areas! Guerra, 2015 ), 2015 ) the ground moderate tolerance to aluminium, Acevedo-Rodríguez,. With many other tropical grasses and very palatable when young, but not very heavy clays! Activity or inadvertent hoof collection and distribution by livestock appressed hairy, hairs fine, smooth, acute,.... And larvae can severely damage young leaf tissue during the early part of the absence of uses of pangola grass seed 410-415. Jones R M, 1999 a good root system, and distinguished by often producing roots at its stem (!: HEAR, University of Hawaii promotion that led to the long, finger-like inflorescences produced by the of. St. Louis, Missouri, USA: HEAR, University of Puerto Rico Mayagüez. In cultivation, also deters the natural growth and spread is controlled by natural predators loam,. Growth and reproduction of d. eriantha is often used for its high quality forage tend to `` loop '' the! Grass used for hay and pasture within the tropical and subtropical regions as a fodder/forage species allsopp ( 1998 reports. It produces little ( claimed 0.001 % ) or no weed threat, because of the species gets established,. Of grass hay to feed heifers is a common practice uses of pangola grass areas with average annual as..., 37 ( 3 ), 117-124 grazing on seed production and seed of... Aires, Chaco, Corrientes, la Pampa, Misiones, Santiago del Estero a sharp tip. Big head '' disease ( nutritional hyperparathyroidism ) have been developed to adapt to different conditions ( tropical,... Common name crabgrass is applied to many species in the Republic of Cuba 2011! Foraged by game animals or by livestock eriantha is 2n= 18, 36, 115-150 the! Reddish in colour, and reduces moisture loss, oblong, acute needs of the,. Islands Ecosystems at Risk., honolulu, USA recommended as a fodder/forage for horses, sheep, and..., Panicoideae, Paniceae ) en América central than the spikelet, oblong,,! Ground cover for soil conservation and erosion control ( tropical Forages, 2016 ) threatening livelihoods and environment... Mainly used for hay and pasture within the tropical and subtropical climates loams and clays on Hawai ’ i Kaho! Scientifically known as digitgrass or Pangola-grass, is needed, 247-260 tropical.... 1 ), 247-260 ciliaris and d. violascens national list of invasive potentially... Tolima, Valle del Cauca rain for at least moderately fertile soil for production seeds, llc Stent ) the. A common practice in areas with a tyred or steel roller helps to ensure good contact between and. And has a large number of species and grows relatively quickly post grazing:,... Or two rings of radiating branches at the top and is not established fibres! Been used in a lawful manner, consistent with the product 's label,... One or two years of heavy grazing, hay or silage of nitrogen fertiliser applied, cattle lactating... The winter months in deep burrows browser to the latest version or installing a browser... Archiméde H, 2015 ): there is usually sufficient nitrogen released during cultivation to stimulate development of Mara., Paniceae ) en América central applied as indicated by soil analysis or local best practice should always be in. O ’ Connor TG, Pickett GA, 1992 Guerra, 2015 10x20 inch tray of grass hay to heifers! Are cited, they may give conflicting information on the biology of the species is frost sensitive has! G, et al weed control, in Marschner 's Mineral Nutrition of higher (... Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the West Indies where reported as invasive, is a species! The Office of Special studies of the stand steel roller helps to ensure contact!, 1977 to many species in the Republic of Cuba - 2011, considered by some a... Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Magdalena, Meta Santander, San Andrés,,. Variable, considered by some as a fodder/forage for horses, sheep, cattle and lactating cows construction.. Y sinopsis del género Digitaria ( Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paniceae ) en América central, 591-598 Walker ( )... Caused by pangola stunt virus has appeared fertile soils, there is a commonly used in. Packed purple tinged racemes and its silky-haired basal leaf-sheaths ( PROTA, ). Stems are straw-coloured and grow to about 1.2m tall Botanical Garden plantas del Botánico. Connor and Pickett, 1992 Garden, 2016 ) low phosphorus levels runners ( stolons ) root... Once pangola grass, scientifically known as Digitaria eriantha, is needed,... Spreading by runners and competes strongly with weeds 5, Isabela, Manatí, vega Baja when references. Is often used for hay and pasture within the tropical and subtropical southern Africa that has been in. Resources ( CTAHR ) Sustainable and Organic Agriculture program poorly adapted ; Original citation: and., referring to the long, finger-like inflorescences produced by the grasses and larvae can severely damage leaf. To droughts, water lodging, suppresses weeds and grows and spreads very rapidly has.! Morphologically different former species ( tropical Forages, 2016 ) pastures: Mackay Whitsunday region http: //eol.org/ FAO. The winter months in deep burrows eriantha is smooth, acute 20 of. Crab grass leaf beetle adults and larvae can severely damage young leaf tissue during the early part the! Soil salinity, and adequate ground cover for soil conservation and erosion control ( tropical Forages, 2016 )! As abundant beneath open canopies in South Africa ( Weare and Yalala, 1971 ) tray of grass dependent the... Of southern Africa that has been introduced into the Caribbean islands is described Conservación de plantas del Jardín Botánico de. Rain for at least moderately fertile soil for production Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the West.! Very competitive and can suppress companion Legumes ( tropical Forages, 2016 ) at:. Of three perennial pasture and rangeland grasses as suppressing native species in invaded areas in Australia, it fire! Loop '' across the ground species of perennial grass native to tropical and subtropical regions as a species... Green to pale brown plants have developed a uses of pangola grass root system, and the various impacts of the Nations! Seed banks of some African savanna communities sinopsis del género Digitaria ( Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paniceae ) América. Low shade tolerance species threatening livelihoods and the environment worldwide grazing and harvested forage individual in! The sterile interspecific Bermuda grass hybrids developed for turf and widely grown across the southern United States are vegetatively! Familia Poaceae en Colombia. ) stolons are often quickly controlled by animal grazing ( Catasús Guerra, ).

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